What is Cascading Style Sheet? Componets of CSS.
What is cascading style sheet?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language. It is used to separate the presentation of a document from its structure and content, allowing for more flexibility and maintainability. CSS allows developers to apply styles, such as colors, fonts, and layouts, to web pages, making them more visually appealing and consistent across different devices and screen sizes. It is supported by all major web browsers and is widely used in web development.
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Componets of cascading style sheet:-
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) has several core components, including:-
1) Selectors:- These are used to target specific HTML elements on a web page that the styles should be applied to. Selectors can include element names, classes, and IDs.
2) Properties:- These are the CSS attributes that define the styles that will be applied to the selected elements. Properties can include things like color, font-size, padding, and margin.
3) Values:- These are the specific values that are assigned to the properties to define the styles. For example, a color property might have a value of "red" or a font-size property might have a value of "16px".
4) Specificity:- This determines which styles will be applied to an element if multiple styles are defined for it. Specificity is based on the type of selector used, such as an ID selector having a higher specificity than a class selector.
5) Inheritance:- This is the mechanism by which styles are passed down from parent elements to their child elements. For example, if a parent element has a font-size of 20px, that size will be inherited by all the child elements within it.
6) Media Queries:- These allows you to apply different styles based on the characteristics of the device displaying the content, such as screen size, resolution, and screen color.
7) Box Model:- This defines the layout and dimensions of elements on a web page, including margins, borders, padding, and the space occupied by an element's content.
CSS Uplink:-
CSS Uplink refers to a feature in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) that allows web developers to link to external stylesheets, rather than including the CSS code directly in the HTML document.
Using an external stylesheet allows the developer to separate the presentation of the website from the content, making it easier to maintain and update the website's design. It also allows the developer to apply the same styles to multiple pages within a website, by linking the stylesheet to those pages.
In practice, the external stylesheet is a separate .css file that is linked to the HTML document using the <link> tag in the <head> section of the HTML document.
CSS Uplink is a powerful feature that allows developers to write more modular and maintainable code. It also makes it easier to make global design changes to a website.
It should be noted that, browser will load the external CSS file first, before loading the HTML, so it may cause additional delay in loading the page.
CSS background image:-
In Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), the background-image property is used to set an image as the background of an HTML element. The background image is placed behind any other content within the element, such as text or other images.
Here is an example of how to use the background-image property to set an image as the background of a <div> element:-
div {
background-image: url("image.jpg");
}
In this example, the image "image.jpg" is set as the background of all <div> elements on the web page.
You can also specify the position, size, and repeat of the background image by using other properties such as background-position, background-size, and background-repeat.
Here is an example of how to use the background-position, background-size and background-repeat properties to adjust the background image:-
div {
background-image: url("image.jpg");
background-position: center;
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
In this example, the image is positioned at the center of the div element, the image is set to cover the entire div element and the image is set to not repeat.
It's important to note that, if the background-image is not found, the browser will display no background at all, or if the image is broken, it will not display anything.
CSS flexbox:-
Flexbox is a layout module in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) that allows web developers to create flexible, responsive, and intelligent layouts with minimal code. Flexbox provides a simple and powerful way to align and distribute space among elements within a container. Flexbox is based on the concept of flex containers and flex items. A flex container is an element that has the display property set to flex or inline-flex. Within a flex container, you can have one or more flex items, which are the child elements of the container.
The main properties of flexbox include:-
1) flex-direction:- sets the direction of the flex items, either in a row or in a column.
2) justify-content:- aligns the flex items along the main axis.
3) align-items:- aligns the flex items along the cross axis.
4) flex-wrap:- controls whether the flex items wrap or not, when the container is not big enough to fit all of them.
5) align-content:- aligns the flex lines along the cross axis.
Here is an example of how to use flexbox to create a simple layout:-
.container {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
In this example, the container class is set to flex and the items inside it are wrapped if the container is not big enough to fit them all. The items are also aligned in center both horizontally and vertically.
Flexbox is a powerful and efficient layout tool that can make it easier to create responsive and mobile-friendly designs. It's supported by all major modern browsers and is widely used for creating responsive layouts.
CSS Padding:-
In Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), the padding property is used to add space between the content of an HTML element and its border. The padding is the space between the content and the border. Padding is transparent and it doesn't have a background color.
The padding property can be set in several ways:-
∆ Using the individual padding properties for each side:- padding-top, padding-right, padding-bottom, padding-left.
∆ Using the shorthand padding property, which allows you to set the padding for all four sides of an element in one line of code.
div {
padding: 10px; /* sets 10px of padding on all four sides */
padding: 10px 20px; /* sets 10px of padding on top and bottom, and 20px of padding on left and right */
padding: 10px 20px 30px; /* sets 10px of padding on top, 20px of padding on right and left, and 30px of padding on bottom */
padding: 10px 20px 30px 40px; /* sets 10px of padding on top, 20px of padding on right, 30px of padding on bottom, and 40px of padding on left */
}
In this example the padding is set to 10px for all four sides of the div element.
The padding property can be set using px, em, % or other CSS units. It's important to note that, if no unit is specified, the default unit is px.
Padding can be used to create space between elements and to separate an element's content from its border, making it look more visually appealing and better organized. The padding property is one of the most widely used properties in CSS and it's supported by all major web browsers.
CSS Animation:-
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) animations allow web developers to create visually appealing and engaging animations on web pages without the need for JavaScript. CSS animations are defined using @keyframes, a special CSS rule that describes the animation's behavior over time. The animation is then applied to an element using the animation property.
Here is an example of a simple CSS animation that fades an element in and out:-
.fade {
animation-name: fade;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
@keyframes fade {
from { opacity: 0; }
to { opacity: 1; }
}
In this example, the animation is named "fade" and it lasts for 1 second. The animation is set to run indefinitely by setting the animation-iteration-count property to infinite.
The animation property can be used to set the animation name, duration, timing, delay and iteration.
.fade {
animation: fade 1s ease-in-out infinite;
}
CSS animations are widely supported by modern web browsers, and they can be used to create a wide range of animations, from simple hover effects to complex animations and interactive visual elements. With CSS animations, developers can create engaging and interactive user interfaces, without the need for JavaScript, which can improve the performance of the website.
CSS Templates
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) templates are pre-designed web page layouts that are created using CSS styles. These templates can be used to quickly and easily create a consistent look and feel across a website. CSS templates typically include a set of styles that define the layout, font, and color scheme of the webpage, as well as any additional elements such as images and buttons. The styles are usually defined in a separate CSS file that can be linked to the HTML pages of the website. To use a CSS template, you would typically start by creating an HTML page and linking to the CSS file that defines the template's styles. You can then add your own content to the page, such as text and images, and the template's styles will be applied to the page automatically.
There are many free and paid CSS templates available on the internet. Some popular sources for CSS templates include:
∆ ThemeForest
∆ Bootstrap
∆ W3Schools
∆ Free CSS
∆ Start Bootstrap
∆ HTML5 UP
∆ CSS templates
You can also create your own CSS template by writing the styles in a CSS file and linking it to your HTML page.
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