What is OSI Model of Network? How many layers in this model?

OSI Model of Network:-

              The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a framework used to understand how communications occur between different devices on a network. This model is a conceptual model that describes how data is transmitted over a network in 7 layers. 

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OSI Model's 7 layers:-

1) Physical Layer: - This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data over the network. It includes the cables, connectors, and other hardware used to transmit data.

2) Data Link Layer:- This layer is responsible for providing a reliable link between devices on a network. It is responsible for the physical delivery of data packets, handling the transmission of data over the physical media such as cables and wireless. It also provides addressing and error detection and correction at the data link level.

3) Network Layer:- This layer is responsible for routing data packets across the network. It uses the IP (Internet Protocol) to provide the logical addressing and routing of data packets.

4) Transport Layer:- This layer is responsible for ensuring that data packets are delivered to their intended destination. The TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are the main protocols used in this layer. TCP provides reliable, error-checked delivery of data, while UDP is a simpler, connectionless protocol.

5) Session Layer:- This layer is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications. It is responsible for managing the dialogue between applications, and it can also provide flow control and error recovery.

6) Presentation Layer:- deals with the format and encryption of data

7) Application Layer:- deals with the interface between the application and the network.

OSI Model protocols:-

           The OSI model defines a set of protocols for each layer that are used to communicate with the corresponding layer on another device. These protocols are responsible for defining the format, flow, and control of data as it travels through the network. Some of the commonly used protocols in the OSI model include:-

1) Physical Layer:- Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI

2) Data Link Layer:- ARP, RARP, IEEE 802.2

3) Network Layer:- IP, ICMP, IPX, OSPF, BGP

4) Transport Layer:- TCP, UDP, SPX

5) Session Layer:- NFS, NetBIOS, SAP

6) Presentation Layer:- ASCII, EBCDIC, JPEG, MPEG

7) Application Layer:- HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, Telnet

           It's important to note that not all protocols are used in every network, and that some protocols may be used at multiple layers. Also, some protocols that are not explicitly mentioned in the OSI model can also be applied to different layers, depending on the specific use case.

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