9th-Level-1-Unit-1-Introduction to Information Technology-IT
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Introduction to Information Technology (IT)
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In today's era, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become one of the basic needs of modern society. In today's digital age, we use mobile devices to perform our daily life tasks. It is difficult to think of any task without the use of digital tools. Information Technology (IT) is one of the fastest growing economic activities in the world, which envisages smooth flow of information at various levels in desired patterns. The successes of the Information Technology Enabled Services (ITes) sector have not only changed the way the world looks at our country but have also contributed significantly to the Indian economy. In this session the basic concepts and ideas related to Information Technology (IT) and IT Enabled Services (ITes) will be introduced.
Information Technology (IT):-
Information Technology (IT) means creation, management, storage and exchange of information. IT includes all types of technology used to deal with information, such as computer hardware and software technology that is used to create, store, and transfer information. Computers take data as input. , processes it and produces the result as output. The information obtained from it is the result of data processing. Data refers to the facts or raw materials that are processed to obtain information. The number of boys and girls in a class is a factual data for the class. This is an example of data relating to students in the classroom. Some conclusions can be drawn based on the data. This conclusion is information. Decisions are made on the basis of data and information.
IT is a very integrated part of business. Computers and Information Systems (IT) are an essential part of every business today. Like accounting and legal operations, every business needs to invest in technology to compete.
There are many benefits of IT for business, such as:-
∆ It helps in reaching more potential customers.
∆ Developing business relationships with potential customers.
∆ To streamline operations.
∆ Reduce cost, improve efficiency.
∆ Maximizing profit.
∆ In reducing waste.
∆ To provide better service to customers.
∆ Support better relationships with key partners and better guide the business to customers.
Information Technology enabled Service-ITes:-
Information technology enabling business by improving the quality of service is called Information Technology Enabled Services (ITes). ITes also called web-enabled services or remote services cover their entire operations and use information technology for information improvement to improve the efficiency of an organization. These services offer a wide range of career options across all offices, including Call Centers, Payroll, Logistics Management, Revenue Claim Processing, Medical Billing, Coding, Medical Transcription, Legal Databases, Bank Office Operations, Content Development, GIS (Geographical Information System) web services and human resource services etc.
ITes are defined as the outsourcing of processes that can be enabled with information technology and covers various sectors such as finance, human resource administration, health care, telecom manufacturing, etc. E-enabled services. This reduces costs and improves service standards. In short the Internet Service Provider aims to provide B2B e-commerce solutions. ITes provide various services integrated into a single delivery system for the user. Services may include medical transcription, customer relationship management, data entry and data processing, software development, data warehousing, IT help desk services, enterprise resource planning and telecommunication services.
BPO Services:-
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services mean conducting business through an external service provide. BPO also comes under IT services as IT plays a very useful role in improving business performance. The BPO industry is highly organized and hence various types of jobs are outsourced in India. We have expertise in cost reduction with firm control over the quality of service in India.
Some of the BPO services are as follows:-
(1) Financial and Accounting Services
(2) Taxation and Insurance Services.
(3) E-Publishing and Web Promotion.
(4) Legal Services and Content Writing.
(5) Multimedia and Design Services.
(6) Document Management Services
(7)Software Testing Services.
(8) Health Care Services.
BPM Industory in India:-
The IT BPM (BPM-Business Process Management) industry is driving India's growth. Apart from contributing to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exports, the growth of the IT BPM industry has brought many economic and social benefits to India, with employment generation being the main objective.
IT applications:-
Information Technology (IT) has become a part of their everyday life in technologically developed countries. For a user, a computer is a device that provides the desired information as and when required.
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| IT applications |
The use of computers and information technology can be seen in the home, workplace, modern service industry and in all aspects of our lives, including listening to music, watching movies, playing games, doing office work, chatting and sending messages, managing a daily planner, books. Reading, paying utility bills, booking tickets for travel, bank operations, etc. ICT is used in industries in offices and at home. Its various application areas are business, also computer and banking, insurance, education, marketing, health care engineering design, military, communications, animation, research, agriculture and government.
(1) IT in home use:-
A personal computer (PC) is used for working at home, doing homework, playing games, surfing the web, using e-mail, making music, and pursuing other hobbies. PC is also used to play games. It includes action games, role playing games, puzzles and many more. A PC with a CD-ROM drive, sound card, and speakers can play audio CDs. A computer at home can be used to study a wide range of online training courses.
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| IT in home |
Computers and digital devices are now used for online shopping and e-commerce. is done. IT in Everyday Life In our daily life, we use washing machines, microwave ovens and many other products which have embedded software. We are all about our important work, appointment schedule and contacts list. Information can be stored in computer. Therefore, computer is playing very important role in our life and now we cannot imagine the world without computer.
(2) IT in library:-
Nowadays many libraries are computerized. Each book has a barcode attached to it. This makes it easier for the library to keep track of books and availability of a specific book.
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| IT in library |
Computer software is used to issue and return the book. Each book in the library has a magnetic stripe which is deactivated before giving the book.
(3) IT in office use:-
In office environment computers and computer applications are used to perform office work in a more effective manner. In assembly-line industries where attention to detail speed and efficiency are important, automation is becoming more and more common. The Internet and office applications form the basis of modern business.
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| IT in office |
(4) IT in education:-
Computers and information technology are used extensively in education for teaching-learning and assessment. Software and hardware technology is used to create and transmit information to students in various forms including still images, audio, video and animation.
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| IT in education |
(i) ICT in the classroom:-
There are many ways in which ICT is used for classroom instruction, such as e-learning classroom, smart board presentation; Creating video images and videos on experiments, desktop publishing of magazines, papers and documents, educational games, learning using CD-ROM media, and collecting educational information on the Internet.
(ii) Education Anywhere Anytime:-
Any student in India can get NCERT book online through website www.epathshala.nic.in or through mobile app.
(5) IT in entertainment:-
Information technology (IT) has had a huge impact on the entertainment industry. Internet is a major source of entertainment. You can now download and watch movies, play games, chat, use multimedia, add visual and sound effects using a computer, digital broadcasting has changed the way you experience television. changed, involving more interactive programming and participation.
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| IT in entertainment |
(6) IT in Communication:-
Communication is used to convey messages and ideas, pictures or speeches. It should be clearly and correctly understood by the person receiving it. Modern communication uses computer systems. We use computers for e-mail chatting, ftp, telnet and video conferencing.
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| IT in communication |
(7) IT in business:-
Computers are used in business organizations for payroll calculations, budget sales analysis, financial forecasting, stock management and maintenance. A lot of business transactions take place through the Internet called E-commerce.
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| IT in business |
IT Marketing, Customer Journey Product Browsing, Shopping Basket Checkout & Purchase Receipt & Process Order. Services related to inventory management, transactions, documentation, presentations and product information gathering are provided in e-commerce. Smart cards, such as credit cards and debit cards, are used in shops. These cards have a striped strip on which the user's Personal Identification Number (PIN) and account number are stored and can be read by the machine when it is passed through a special reader. Airlines use computer applications extensively at airports and central reservation call centers for their reservation system. Other businesses that have large-scale computing requirements use insurance claims systems and online banking, in which both a large number of users and operators interact in a single system.
(8) IT in science and engineering:-
Scientists and engineers use computers to perform complex scientific calculations. Computer Aided Design (CAD) or Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) applications are used for drawing, designing and simulating and testing designs. Computers are used to store large amounts of data, perform complex calculations and view 3-dimensional (3D) objects. Complex scientific applications like rocket launching, space exploration etc are not possible without computers.
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| IT in science and engineering |
(9) IT in banking:-
Computers are an essential part of the modern banking system. Every activity of a bank is now online, customer data and transactions are recorded by computer. Recurring Deposit (E-RD), Fixed Deposit (E-FD) Money transfer from one account to another (NEFT, RTGS) Online transactions are done using internet.
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| IT in banking |
The online platform offers capital market transactions, financial analysis and related services. Bank customers use Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) for cash deposits and withdrawals or to view current balances.
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| ATM Machine |
(10) IT in insurance:-
Insurance companies keep all the records with the help of computer database. In the insurance companies, the continuation of policies, start date, date of next installment, date of maturity, interest arrears, survival benefit and bonus are announced by using computer. There are also many online policies available that can be purchased using the website of insurance companies.
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| IT in insurance |
(11) IT in marketing:-
In marketing, computers are used to advertise products, it is possible to create interesting advertisements of various products by using art and graphics facility to achieve the sales target.
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| IT in marketing |
Using e-commerce websites, people can buy goods even sitting at home.
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| E -Commerce |
(11) IT in health care:-
ICT is used in many ways in the health sector. Hospital Management System is used to maintain the records of patients and manage various activities related to hospital administration. Computerized machines are used for ECG, EEG ultrasound and CT scan. A variety of measuring instruments and surgical instruments are used to monitor the condition of patients during complex surgeries.
Expert system is used for diagnosis. Health care manufacturing companies use computers to aid in the production of diagnostic tools and equipment. Computers are an integral part of laboratories and dispensaries. They are used to scan and diagnose various diseases.
(12) Use of ICT in diagnosis:-
With the advancement in computer hardware and software technology, various high-tech machines are used in the diagnosis and treatment of serious diseases. Diseases can be diagnosed at an early stage using expert method and patients can be treated accordingly. Some of these are machines.
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| Use of ICT in diagnosis |
(i) Computerized Axial Tomography Machine:-
Using this machine, three-dimensional (3D) images of different parts of the body can be created. These pictures are helpful in diagnosing diseases.
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| Computerized Axial Tomography Machine |
(ii) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine:-
MRI machines are used to take digital images of internal organs of the body using strong magnetic fields and radio waves. Digital images are very helpful in locating and deciding the treatment of diseases.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine |
(iii) Electrocardiogram-ECG:-
An ECG machine is used to monitor the heartbeat. When the heart pumps blood to different parts of the body, some electrical impulses are generated. Electrical impulses are recorded in this machine.
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| electrocardiogram |
(iv) Cardiac Screening Machine:-
This machine displays the physiology of the heart and it displays the activities inside the heart. Through this machine it is possible to diagnose heart problems, such as dilated blood vessels, and then prescribe treatment.
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| Cardiac Screening Machine |
(v) EEG Machine:-
Electro Encephalography Machine is used to record brain activity. Small electrical probes attached to the head receive electrical impulses from the brain and the machine displays them on a computer screen. This device can retrieve data in both positions where a patient is awake or asleep.
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| Electro Encephalography |
(vi) Blood Sugar Testing Machine:-
With this machine we can check our blood sugar at home.
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| Blood Sugar Testing Machine |
(13) IT in the government and public service:-
The government uses computer applications extensively in its day-to-day operations and is actively promoting e-governance practices. Digital India and the e-governance initiative of the Government of India are the best examples of this. Government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as international government agencies use ICT applications to communicate and provide various services to the people and this is called e-governance. Various official web portals.
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| CSC Common Service Center |
There are various advantages of e-governance. Computer system is used for income tax department, sales tax department, preparation of voter list, preparation of PAN card. Many government services are available online. Electricity bills can now be paid online. The government uses electronic voting for elections instead of the traditional voting slips and ballot boxes. People can get their name entered in the voter list through the portal of the State Election Commission. Computers are now common place in modern society and can make data entry laborious tasks much simpler and faster than manual tasks that were done earlier.
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